The most telling contribution of Dr. Sigmund Freud is the formulation of the psychoanalytic theory. The “unconscious” became the operative word in psychology in the 1940’s and 1950’s.
Accordingly, explaining human behavior, predicting human behavior, and manipulating human behavior became embedded with the unconscious mind. Dr. Freud became what Michael Jordan was in the field of basketball. He became the superstar of the psychology in his time.
The framework for explaining neurosis became plain and simple. Thinking about sex became normal and every psychological problem can be resolved by confronting and embracing human sexuality instead of the usual repression (in whatever form) method advocated by moral police of his era. Dr. Freud also identified and explained disparate manifestations of defense mechanisms, namely:
Identification. The unconscious process that protects the subject from anxiety by adopting traits from a psychological model.
Displacement. The unconscious transfer of an emotion from its original object to something or someone else.
Projection. The unconscious process that attributes other people’s feelings (i.e aggression) which one does entertain himself.
Regression. Retreating to a more immature pattern of behavior.
Repression. Keeping one’s memories and wishes in the unconscious.
Sublimation. Finding a socially acceptable outlet for a morally unacceptable impulse (i.e desire for one’s mother).
Denial. Refusing to accept something that is true.
Rationalization. Justifying irrational behavior or giving/offering excuses to one’s shortcomings.
Reaction formation. Behaving opposite to what one feels. More than anything else, he became the creative architect behind the rest of the personality theorists after him. Majority of them borrowed from his framework minus the overemphasis on sex as a platform for explaining human behavior.
References
Estoque, Ronan S, Dela Cruz, Rogelio G, & Pichay, Marinelle Ivy T (2006), College Psychology, Mindshapers Inc., Philippines.
Oxford Interactive Encyclopedia 2000. Oxford University Press (2000)
Showing posts with label Issue 7. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Issue 7. Show all posts
Wednesday, June 11, 2008
Tuesday, June 10, 2008
The Forces Carrying Particle by Rogelio G. Dela Cruz, Ph. D (September, 2006)
The neutrino is a pernicious concept. Humans normally require narrative and relationship in order to function, yet here we are faced with a sublime indifference. Not only that but particles are strange, and neutrinos are not the strangest. About 100 years ago Einstein figured out a bunch of really unsettling things about light waves acting like particles. Now we're saddled with a whole pile of elementary and force carrying particles, which are strangely behaving.
My old understanding of force was one thing pushing on something else. But in fact force is an exchange, two objects tossing tiny particles back and forth. There are four basic forces and a special force carrying particle associated with each. The particle for gravity is the graviton, the particle for electricity is the photon. The strong force operates within the atom and keeps all the bits together. This is why we can't pass our hands through walls by rearranging our atomic particles to fit between the spaces of the walls' atomic particles. The quarks inside the atom are all involved in tiny, fierce game of catch, throwing little particles called gluons back and forth to each other.
The fourth force also operates at the atomic level. It is called the weak force and the particles associated are called intermediate vector bosons. The weak force is interesting because it allows for a type of radioactive process called beta decay, which occurs in the sun and creates neutrinos.
My old understanding of force was one thing pushing on something else. But in fact force is an exchange, two objects tossing tiny particles back and forth. There are four basic forces and a special force carrying particle associated with each. The particle for gravity is the graviton, the particle for electricity is the photon. The strong force operates within the atom and keeps all the bits together. This is why we can't pass our hands through walls by rearranging our atomic particles to fit between the spaces of the walls' atomic particles. The quarks inside the atom are all involved in tiny, fierce game of catch, throwing little particles called gluons back and forth to each other.
The fourth force also operates at the atomic level. It is called the weak force and the particles associated are called intermediate vector bosons. The weak force is interesting because it allows for a type of radioactive process called beta decay, which occurs in the sun and creates neutrinos.
Responsibility in Education: Whose Job is it? by Marian Jeanette Laxa, MA (September, 2006)
The teacher is the prime mover inside the classroom from whom the students expect to learn. In the classroom setting, the responsibility in education rests heavily on the part of the teacher. It's the duty of the teacher to share his knowledge in the best possible way to the student, in the most agreeable strategy-possible to reach out to the learning style of the student.
It is not about his knowledge, skill and expertise but how he converts this knowledge, skill and expertise to suit the interest of the student so that he will inculcate in them the values that could mold the students into people who will move our country into a better place to live in.
In this goal-the teacher should be student-centered. She could do better in teaching if he gives an example and let his students do the learning and decide on themselves the knowledge they are most capable of absorbing. In the process, the students also discover their learning style and thus will be a basis to the teacher to find schemes and strategies, which could better transmit the knowledge she wants to share.
It is not about his knowledge, skill and expertise but how he converts this knowledge, skill and expertise to suit the interest of the student so that he will inculcate in them the values that could mold the students into people who will move our country into a better place to live in.
In this goal-the teacher should be student-centered. She could do better in teaching if he gives an example and let his students do the learning and decide on themselves the knowledge they are most capable of absorbing. In the process, the students also discover their learning style and thus will be a basis to the teacher to find schemes and strategies, which could better transmit the knowledge she wants to share.
Eh, Kasi Bisaya by Claudio V. Tabotabo, MA (September, 2006)
Anybody who used to wear out of the craze was labeled baduy, but not anymore this time. Today the man is called Bisaya instead of baduy. Any one who accidentally speaks English in a hard accent though he comes from the Northern side of the country, or from Manila, is unfairly called Bisaya.
But there is a worst connotation being forwarded of course by the non-Bisaya, the meaning of the word "Inday and Dodong" In Manila the word Inday means housemaid, and Dodong house boy. But it's not just the prejudice that is being referred here. Inday for some people of Manila means prostitute.
It is a humiliating connotation that calls for the attention of the educated sector. Humiliating because it is a disrespect to the old people of the Visayas and Mindanao areas who address their daughters Inday. In English the equivalent of Inday is darling. It signifies refinement, passion, devotion, care and love which the non-visayan speaking Filipinos laugh at and abuse.
Cory Aquino protested against the publication of a new French dictionary with definition of the word Filipina as domestic help, nanny and prostitute. They say the dictionary was circulated and being used today. We did not mean to say that there are no prostitutes in the Philippines. There are high caliber whores anywhere in the world so that we cannot allow such a definition to be synonymous with the word Filipina. We do not mind the French defining themselves as Musolinic, Napoleonic, Barbaric or any other terms that satisfy their partiality. If the Philippines has a diplomatic relation with France, then the French people have put a grudge on it, which the Filipinos must answer with something radical.
People are sensitive to the language that they even prefer to desecrate the rules of grammar to avoid biases. In the 1980s the so called Politically Correct Language was a proposition of a hot debate (English Teaching Forum). It is definitely wrong to say, Every student has to pass their exam. It violates the subject-verb agreement but conforms to the new rules of gender neutrality. The pronoun "their "is used rather than the correct one "his" because "his" signifies male and disregards female.
It was the Politically Correct Language that gives birth to such words as; "herstory" rather than "history"; chairperson rather than chairman; humankind to avoid the use of mankind; sales person rather than sales lady; flight attendant rather than flight stewardess.
To avoid pejorative language to name people with illness, the blind are called visually challenged; deaf people with hearing impairments.
Toward deracialization came the words; African American to replace the words, Negro, colored and Afro-American. Oriental or Asiatic became Asian or Pacific Islander.
Politically Correct Language must be the predominant cause for the delayed draft of Reagan's speech about the Berlin Wall. Reagan's speech writer had tried to use the most benign word, the verb for breaking the wall. After which the phrase "bring down the wall" came into view which the American president did use in his speech that eventually brought down the Berlin Wall.
Refinement in the use of language to avoid prejudices is after all the exponent of a good education. Unfortunately, some men of our society try to flaunt their superiority complex and cover their ignorance by making fun at the natural differences of others.
But there is a worst connotation being forwarded of course by the non-Bisaya, the meaning of the word "Inday and Dodong" In Manila the word Inday means housemaid, and Dodong house boy. But it's not just the prejudice that is being referred here. Inday for some people of Manila means prostitute.
It is a humiliating connotation that calls for the attention of the educated sector. Humiliating because it is a disrespect to the old people of the Visayas and Mindanao areas who address their daughters Inday. In English the equivalent of Inday is darling. It signifies refinement, passion, devotion, care and love which the non-visayan speaking Filipinos laugh at and abuse.
Cory Aquino protested against the publication of a new French dictionary with definition of the word Filipina as domestic help, nanny and prostitute. They say the dictionary was circulated and being used today. We did not mean to say that there are no prostitutes in the Philippines. There are high caliber whores anywhere in the world so that we cannot allow such a definition to be synonymous with the word Filipina. We do not mind the French defining themselves as Musolinic, Napoleonic, Barbaric or any other terms that satisfy their partiality. If the Philippines has a diplomatic relation with France, then the French people have put a grudge on it, which the Filipinos must answer with something radical.
People are sensitive to the language that they even prefer to desecrate the rules of grammar to avoid biases. In the 1980s the so called Politically Correct Language was a proposition of a hot debate (English Teaching Forum). It is definitely wrong to say, Every student has to pass their exam. It violates the subject-verb agreement but conforms to the new rules of gender neutrality. The pronoun "their "is used rather than the correct one "his" because "his" signifies male and disregards female.
It was the Politically Correct Language that gives birth to such words as; "herstory" rather than "history"; chairperson rather than chairman; humankind to avoid the use of mankind; sales person rather than sales lady; flight attendant rather than flight stewardess.
To avoid pejorative language to name people with illness, the blind are called visually challenged; deaf people with hearing impairments.
Toward deracialization came the words; African American to replace the words, Negro, colored and Afro-American. Oriental or Asiatic became Asian or Pacific Islander.
Politically Correct Language must be the predominant cause for the delayed draft of Reagan's speech about the Berlin Wall. Reagan's speech writer had tried to use the most benign word, the verb for breaking the wall. After which the phrase "bring down the wall" came into view which the American president did use in his speech that eventually brought down the Berlin Wall.
Refinement in the use of language to avoid prejudices is after all the exponent of a good education. Unfortunately, some men of our society try to flaunt their superiority complex and cover their ignorance by making fun at the natural differences of others.
D and D by Ronan S. Estoque, MA (September, 2006)
"You will not receive salvation, eternal damnation will be your destiny for all eternity, if you do not join my religion." Such was message that rang in the ears of Harry when Lloyd tried to recruit him in his religion last Thursday. Lloyd essentially is a good person. He is considered as an elder in his religion and among his many duties and obligations are the task of indoctrinating potential new members of his religion.
Harry was quite sold to the basic tenets of Lloyd's religion, what stopped him from joining outright was the last premise uttered by Lloyd which continued to hound him over the weekend.
"If your religion is the only vehicle that assures my salvation, then what about other religions?" Harry asked himself. "What about the believers of Islam?" "What about the Jews?" "What about the Protestants?" "Are they all going to hell?" - "If your religion is the only vehicle for salvation, then the rest are wrong and are going to pay dearly" Harry remembers asking Lloyd as a parting quip over the course of their conversation.
"It is simply impossible for all religion to be right, by virtue of elimination, only one religion ought to be right and the rest are wrong" And if every religion subscribe to the mindset that they are righteous; then everyone is righteous and everyone (ironically) is a sinner. Such is simply impossible; it is like saying that only the graduates of Mapua Institute of Technology will pass the board examinations. Because in reality, board passers cuts across all sections of varying academic institutions. No one has a monopoly of board passers in any licensure examinations. And similarly, the entrance to paradise/heaven is not exclusive to a single religion. "There are worthy men and women that belong to my current religion and from other religion as well," Harry mused.
Having a mindset that only one religion will lord over other beliefs; that only one religion is superior over other faiths, breeds' intolerance. Intolerance in the long run breeds fanaticism. And being a fanatic is no different from the common terrorist that we now see from time to time in the Middle East.
The trouble is, every religion has it's own brand of fanaticism. No one is free from this phenomenon. The challenge now is how to be tolerant and look at your fellow man as an individual that is capable of doing something good that is going to benefit humanity in the long run.
To cut a long story short, Harry decided not to join the religion of Lloyd and instead became a stern advocate of tolerance for all religion. No one has an exclusive lock on salvation. "As long as your religion makes you a better person, then that religion is the right one for you," Harry finally concluded.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
What is your opinion about the president and her family?
In a lecture given by the winners of the prestigious Ramon Magsaysay Awards, the same question above was given and skillfully - the answer to the query was skirted and passed on to the moderator of the lecture by the recipient of the award.
A question of the same nature was again asked and again, the answer was tactfully evaded. When the awardee was pressed further, the lecturer simply said that "I am already old, let us give others the chance of making their own mark".
Now I don't know about the others but what was before me then was moral cowardice. If you are a winner of a certain award that is suppose to stand for anything, having a position, be it for or against a certain person, is a requisite.
Assuming the position of neutrality is not a good model for winning an award. The prestige of the award was wasted. And let us not talk about the monetary equivalent of the award, which is $ 50,000. Converted to Philippine Pesos, it amounts to 2.5 million php. Such an amount is enough to send the winner back to school to finally learn that "you don't quit when you are tired and old but rather when the objective is attained".
The fight is not yet over, in a month where the assassination of Sen. Ninoy Aquino is commemorated and the birthday of President Ramon Magsaysay is celebrated, moral cowardice must take a backseat.
Harry was quite sold to the basic tenets of Lloyd's religion, what stopped him from joining outright was the last premise uttered by Lloyd which continued to hound him over the weekend.
"If your religion is the only vehicle that assures my salvation, then what about other religions?" Harry asked himself. "What about the believers of Islam?" "What about the Jews?" "What about the Protestants?" "Are they all going to hell?" - "If your religion is the only vehicle for salvation, then the rest are wrong and are going to pay dearly" Harry remembers asking Lloyd as a parting quip over the course of their conversation.
"It is simply impossible for all religion to be right, by virtue of elimination, only one religion ought to be right and the rest are wrong" And if every religion subscribe to the mindset that they are righteous; then everyone is righteous and everyone (ironically) is a sinner. Such is simply impossible; it is like saying that only the graduates of Mapua Institute of Technology will pass the board examinations. Because in reality, board passers cuts across all sections of varying academic institutions. No one has a monopoly of board passers in any licensure examinations. And similarly, the entrance to paradise/heaven is not exclusive to a single religion. "There are worthy men and women that belong to my current religion and from other religion as well," Harry mused.
Having a mindset that only one religion will lord over other beliefs; that only one religion is superior over other faiths, breeds' intolerance. Intolerance in the long run breeds fanaticism. And being a fanatic is no different from the common terrorist that we now see from time to time in the Middle East.
The trouble is, every religion has it's own brand of fanaticism. No one is free from this phenomenon. The challenge now is how to be tolerant and look at your fellow man as an individual that is capable of doing something good that is going to benefit humanity in the long run.
To cut a long story short, Harry decided not to join the religion of Lloyd and instead became a stern advocate of tolerance for all religion. No one has an exclusive lock on salvation. "As long as your religion makes you a better person, then that religion is the right one for you," Harry finally concluded.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
What is your opinion about the president and her family?
In a lecture given by the winners of the prestigious Ramon Magsaysay Awards, the same question above was given and skillfully - the answer to the query was skirted and passed on to the moderator of the lecture by the recipient of the award.
A question of the same nature was again asked and again, the answer was tactfully evaded. When the awardee was pressed further, the lecturer simply said that "I am already old, let us give others the chance of making their own mark".
Now I don't know about the others but what was before me then was moral cowardice. If you are a winner of a certain award that is suppose to stand for anything, having a position, be it for or against a certain person, is a requisite.
Assuming the position of neutrality is not a good model for winning an award. The prestige of the award was wasted. And let us not talk about the monetary equivalent of the award, which is $ 50,000. Converted to Philippine Pesos, it amounts to 2.5 million php. Such an amount is enough to send the winner back to school to finally learn that "you don't quit when you are tired and old but rather when the objective is attained".
The fight is not yet over, in a month where the assassination of Sen. Ninoy Aquino is commemorated and the birthday of President Ramon Magsaysay is celebrated, moral cowardice must take a backseat.
Monday, June 9, 2008
Education as the Greater Equalizer by Aquilina V. Redo, MA (November, 2005)
Quality seems to be a totally impossible thing. But education somehow will reduce this impossibility. In the classroom, even if students have their individual differences, education bridges them. Students in school are given equal opportunities to discover more about themselves and nourish their talents if they would only open their minds and hearts into it.
There are pictures in our lives that we don't like, which can be changed dramatically through education. Education as a whole, will separate us somehow from the things that we don't like to do. It gives us hope that someday, we can break the chains of misery in our lives, believing that education will prepare us for a promising future which only our hands and God's hold.
With good education, a person coming from poor family can fare well in the field that he has chosen and in the business or corporate world, brain and right attitude will help him stay on top regardless of the socio-economic status he may once belong to.
The best way to predict his future is to create it. As always, a good education, combined with a tough and persistent attitude, will ensure success. In fact many of us here in TIP are products of this so-called ST or "sipag at tiyaga" keys to success by our Senator Manny Villar. Every semester, especially during the first semester many from our freshmen students enjoy scholarship grants/discounts. Most of them come from the province. However, for one reason or another, some of them fail to combat the odds and rigors of tertiary education. More often, those with strong determination and those endowed with intelligence and talents plus God's intercession are those who are able reach the top.
Through a good education, the poor can mingle with the rich, the simple can mingle with the extremely aesthetic, and the physically plain can confidently compete with the adorable good-looking ones.
With this in mind, we, as mentors of the academe, should really stress out how education can be a good foundation for our students to succeed. Moreover, we must stick to the principle of fairness in treating them. If education is the greatest equalizer, we must then give our students equal opportunities to learn and to grow. When they see that they will feel secured in TIP and under our care; the more it will give them motivation to study and the more they will see that there's a silver shining beyond their clouds. But that is if they experience good things in school, so as much as possible, as their educators, we really have to give our best to let those who are lost find light as they continue in their quest for education. As we see them prosper and succeed, only then could we say that: "the task is done and that is a legacy".
There are pictures in our lives that we don't like, which can be changed dramatically through education. Education as a whole, will separate us somehow from the things that we don't like to do. It gives us hope that someday, we can break the chains of misery in our lives, believing that education will prepare us for a promising future which only our hands and God's hold.
With good education, a person coming from poor family can fare well in the field that he has chosen and in the business or corporate world, brain and right attitude will help him stay on top regardless of the socio-economic status he may once belong to.
The best way to predict his future is to create it. As always, a good education, combined with a tough and persistent attitude, will ensure success. In fact many of us here in TIP are products of this so-called ST or "sipag at tiyaga" keys to success by our Senator Manny Villar. Every semester, especially during the first semester many from our freshmen students enjoy scholarship grants/discounts. Most of them come from the province. However, for one reason or another, some of them fail to combat the odds and rigors of tertiary education. More often, those with strong determination and those endowed with intelligence and talents plus God's intercession are those who are able reach the top.
Through a good education, the poor can mingle with the rich, the simple can mingle with the extremely aesthetic, and the physically plain can confidently compete with the adorable good-looking ones.
With this in mind, we, as mentors of the academe, should really stress out how education can be a good foundation for our students to succeed. Moreover, we must stick to the principle of fairness in treating them. If education is the greatest equalizer, we must then give our students equal opportunities to learn and to grow. When they see that they will feel secured in TIP and under our care; the more it will give them motivation to study and the more they will see that there's a silver shining beyond their clouds. But that is if they experience good things in school, so as much as possible, as their educators, we really have to give our best to let those who are lost find light as they continue in their quest for education. As we see them prosper and succeed, only then could we say that: "the task is done and that is a legacy".
Behind (Conclusion) by Ronan S. Estoque, MA (November, 2005)
Eternity is such a long word. Since time immemorial, people have been casually saying for "eternity" and yet, their eternity is nowhere near my eternity. Somewhere in the near future, someone is going to postulate that everything is relative. Time is relative. Motion is relative. Energy is relative. Even the very definition of beauty will be relative. For the purpose of this exercise, let us just assume the theory of relativity. My eternity however, is far longer than any eternity imaginable.
Before the very concept of time is thought of, my existence has always been here. To what purpose, I still cannot fathom. It is just that my very existence is to come up with this silly produce which the winds, the stars and the soil promises that will surely change this place, this land and this earth.
They say that I will be the harbinger of change. With this silly produce, everything will change. History is not yet written, but when the time comes, this will be the same produce that will shape civilizations.
Truth be said, this produce is quite difficult to bear. This produce, I was promised will free me from the monotony of neither light nor darkness. This produce, so I was assured will be the bedrock of religions, philosophy, and way of life, maxims and even learning.
Literatures, doctrines and debates will be written because of this produce. Blood will be shed, in honor and for the glory of what is yet come. I couldn't wait for the conflicting versions. Fathers and sons, mothers and daughters, cousins against cousins are going to shed blood just for the right to interpret what is surely to transpire here today.
Eternity is nothing, I am going to stretch it a hundredfold and what is eternity now, will just seem like a piece of sand in a vast ocean of desert. Just you wait; this produce will change everything. The trouble with this produce is that in producing it is sucking my life-giving juices. From the distance, my appearance is starting to resemble a withering tree. But I am not withered. No sir, I am nowhere near withering. I am robust and without the burden of this single fruit, I could be a magnificent tree worthy of awe and worship.
But wait, what is this clumsy woman doing? She is climbing my branches as if trying to seek refuge. Doesn't she know that she is interrupting with my endeavor in trying to produce this fruit? And what is that creature hovering in my top branches. I am getting aggravated if they do not stop, I might just drop this burdensome fruit and start all over again. Eternity as they say is long duration to repeat and I will surely not going to repeat this tedious process.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Everything is just a blur now. At one moment, Sylvia was running. She was being chased, something and someone was after her. A tree over the horizon offered a respite from this seeming deadly race. But just what is over the horizon?
There was a heavy breathing coming both from the prey and the predator. And both of them are on the same tree. The terror that was very real for Sylvia though this purges her of all her recollection.
What Sylvia now remembers is that after a long run, she was finally caught. Similar to the scene of waking up, recalling the actual scene preceding her consciousness is now impossible. Though, she is able to recall that there was a chase, there was a tree, and to make everything dreadful was the thought and sensation of being caught. From all initial indications, she lost her consciousness but now, after regaining her senses it seems that she was just having a nightmare. Everything was just a silly dream. The feeling of terror was just a dream; the feeling of being pursued and being caught was just a product of imagination.
Her pursuer, though she cannot anymore recall what it looks like is similar to a hazy thought. You know that it is there, it exist, you just cannot place your perception and literally describe the sensation anymore than to prove or disprove its existence.
Sylvia is now about to escape from this slumber when she noticed and recalled that previously, she was sleeping beside Adam. Just like the previous day preceding this nightmare, Adam was exploring the other side of this garden.
She was not feeling well and Adam left her all by herself. Her memory is still hazy, it seems that the dream (or was it a nightmare?) was more real than the reality that is now intruding and insisting for her consciousness. Adam was up and about and from what her ears were telling her was thanking her about the fruit that was previously beside her.
It had an unusual taste and yet it was a welcome deviation from all the other fruits that they have been eating, he said. Adam is now thanking her though he addresses her by a different name.
It seems that in this consciousness, she goes by the name of Eve.
Before the very concept of time is thought of, my existence has always been here. To what purpose, I still cannot fathom. It is just that my very existence is to come up with this silly produce which the winds, the stars and the soil promises that will surely change this place, this land and this earth.
They say that I will be the harbinger of change. With this silly produce, everything will change. History is not yet written, but when the time comes, this will be the same produce that will shape civilizations.
Truth be said, this produce is quite difficult to bear. This produce, I was promised will free me from the monotony of neither light nor darkness. This produce, so I was assured will be the bedrock of religions, philosophy, and way of life, maxims and even learning.
Literatures, doctrines and debates will be written because of this produce. Blood will be shed, in honor and for the glory of what is yet come. I couldn't wait for the conflicting versions. Fathers and sons, mothers and daughters, cousins against cousins are going to shed blood just for the right to interpret what is surely to transpire here today.
Eternity is nothing, I am going to stretch it a hundredfold and what is eternity now, will just seem like a piece of sand in a vast ocean of desert. Just you wait; this produce will change everything. The trouble with this produce is that in producing it is sucking my life-giving juices. From the distance, my appearance is starting to resemble a withering tree. But I am not withered. No sir, I am nowhere near withering. I am robust and without the burden of this single fruit, I could be a magnificent tree worthy of awe and worship.
But wait, what is this clumsy woman doing? She is climbing my branches as if trying to seek refuge. Doesn't she know that she is interrupting with my endeavor in trying to produce this fruit? And what is that creature hovering in my top branches. I am getting aggravated if they do not stop, I might just drop this burdensome fruit and start all over again. Eternity as they say is long duration to repeat and I will surely not going to repeat this tedious process.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Everything is just a blur now. At one moment, Sylvia was running. She was being chased, something and someone was after her. A tree over the horizon offered a respite from this seeming deadly race. But just what is over the horizon?
There was a heavy breathing coming both from the prey and the predator. And both of them are on the same tree. The terror that was very real for Sylvia though this purges her of all her recollection.
What Sylvia now remembers is that after a long run, she was finally caught. Similar to the scene of waking up, recalling the actual scene preceding her consciousness is now impossible. Though, she is able to recall that there was a chase, there was a tree, and to make everything dreadful was the thought and sensation of being caught. From all initial indications, she lost her consciousness but now, after regaining her senses it seems that she was just having a nightmare. Everything was just a silly dream. The feeling of terror was just a dream; the feeling of being pursued and being caught was just a product of imagination.
Her pursuer, though she cannot anymore recall what it looks like is similar to a hazy thought. You know that it is there, it exist, you just cannot place your perception and literally describe the sensation anymore than to prove or disprove its existence.
Sylvia is now about to escape from this slumber when she noticed and recalled that previously, she was sleeping beside Adam. Just like the previous day preceding this nightmare, Adam was exploring the other side of this garden.
She was not feeling well and Adam left her all by herself. Her memory is still hazy, it seems that the dream (or was it a nightmare?) was more real than the reality that is now intruding and insisting for her consciousness. Adam was up and about and from what her ears were telling her was thanking her about the fruit that was previously beside her.
It had an unusual taste and yet it was a welcome deviation from all the other fruits that they have been eating, he said. Adam is now thanking her though he addresses her by a different name.
It seems that in this consciousness, she goes by the name of Eve.
Supreme Court Upholds E-VAT with Finality by Lorna V. Wy, MA (November, 2005)
Its Final: RA 9337 otherwise known as the VAT Reform Act and also the Expanded Value Added Tax of 2005 is CONSTITUTIONAL. SC En Banc ratio decidendi said that "So long as there is a public end for the RA 9337 was passed, the means through which such end shall be accomplished is for the legislature to choose so long as it is within the Constitutional bounds" The State has three inherent powers impose upon the citizens without mandate of the Constitution.
These are Power of Eminent Domain, Police Power and Power of Taxation. Power of taxation is sovereign power, exercise through the legislature, to impose burdens upon the subjects (natural and juridical persons) and objects within its jurisdiction, for the purpose of raising revenues to carry out the legitimate objects of the government.
However, there are indispensable principles of Power of Taxation, which is incumbent upon the Government: To serve the people and to protect the people. The opposition led by Congressman Escudero filed before the Supreme Court a Motion for Reconsideration on the contention that Bicameral Conference Committee (BCC) deleted the "no pass on" provision, thus E-VAT is ultimately borne by the consumer. Dissenting opinion of Justice Dante O. Tinga, opined that a tax measure may be validly challenged and struck down prior to the implementation if its poses a clear and present danger to the life, liberty or property of the taxpayer without due process of law. He said that the resolution makes doctrinal the "temerarious proposition" that a person has no vested right to business earnings and profits.
Prima Facie evidence established the display of the constitutional rights to freedom of expression and redress grievances of the leftist group, peoples organization led by the opposition on the contention that E-VAT law will create a wide gaps between the elite and the Filipino people living below poverty line. It is not an isolated issue of frustration on the part of the people towards the government whether or not President Arroyo is the Head of State; it is coupled with minimum wage law, oil deregulation law with domino effects on electricity and water prices. At the end of the day, the effort, acts and display of force of the people subscribing to the principle of democracy and sovereignty of the people will not bear any fruit. We are governed by the rule of law, Laws are repealed only by subsequent ones, and their violation or non-observance shall not be excuse by wrong usage, of custom or practice to the contrary.
These are Power of Eminent Domain, Police Power and Power of Taxation. Power of taxation is sovereign power, exercise through the legislature, to impose burdens upon the subjects (natural and juridical persons) and objects within its jurisdiction, for the purpose of raising revenues to carry out the legitimate objects of the government.
However, there are indispensable principles of Power of Taxation, which is incumbent upon the Government: To serve the people and to protect the people. The opposition led by Congressman Escudero filed before the Supreme Court a Motion for Reconsideration on the contention that Bicameral Conference Committee (BCC) deleted the "no pass on" provision, thus E-VAT is ultimately borne by the consumer. Dissenting opinion of Justice Dante O. Tinga, opined that a tax measure may be validly challenged and struck down prior to the implementation if its poses a clear and present danger to the life, liberty or property of the taxpayer without due process of law. He said that the resolution makes doctrinal the "temerarious proposition" that a person has no vested right to business earnings and profits.
Prima Facie evidence established the display of the constitutional rights to freedom of expression and redress grievances of the leftist group, peoples organization led by the opposition on the contention that E-VAT law will create a wide gaps between the elite and the Filipino people living below poverty line. It is not an isolated issue of frustration on the part of the people towards the government whether or not President Arroyo is the Head of State; it is coupled with minimum wage law, oil deregulation law with domino effects on electricity and water prices. At the end of the day, the effort, acts and display of force of the people subscribing to the principle of democracy and sovereignty of the people will not bear any fruit. We are governed by the rule of law, Laws are repealed only by subsequent ones, and their violation or non-observance shall not be excuse by wrong usage, of custom or practice to the contrary.
Jose Dalisay and Noel Bulaong in "Killing Time in a Warm Place" by Claudio V. Tabotabo, MA (May, 2005)
Jose Dalisay is the author of the novel "Killing Time in a Warm Place". Noel Bulaong is the main personae of the novel. The two persons although real and fictive respectively are overwhelmed together by the same success and lamented over the same failure.
Dalisay was born in 1954 in Romlon. He came to Manila study in the University of the Philippines. It was in the height of student radicalism when he entered the U.P. Marcos engulfed the country with social unrest that came to the explosion of martial law. 1n 1973 Dalisay was imprisoned for seven months.
His involvement in student radicalism and imprisonment are the by-products of his belief that fighting against the dictator and shouting in the street are symbols of his nationalism.
Through the Full-bright he went to America to finish his Master and Doctor Degrees in the American schools. He worked in the multinational corporation like the Asian Bank and actively a member of western organizations. He had a series of success like the 16 Palanca awards in various genres.
After fighting in the street against the Marcos-American dictatorship or against the colonialist America, he decided to stay in the Philippines forever. It is a common decision for a man who feels he wronged his country, repayment.
By accepting scholarship of the American, by working in the internationally owned company and by studying in the American schools, he betrayed the Filipinos and he disowned the old principle that bound him to fight against colonialism.
Noel Bulaong like his originator is a provinciano. He was from Kangleong an island in the Visayas. He came to Manila to study in the height of student radicalism. He was involved in the series of riots, bore arms and when martial law was declared he was arrested and put to prison.
Having studied and worked in the Marcos government, he went to America to work for the imperialist Americans. In America he was a writer and a movie reviewer. Usurped, overly used and a lonely man he went back to his country to be buried in Kangleong. The Dalisay in real life is the transformed Noel Bulaong in the novel.
The questions concerning nationalism is not a rare thing in the Philippines. At first the purpose of Philippine government for sending Filipinos to study in America is to observe the American culture. What came out is that the Filipinos sent there came home in an American culture.
We are aware of students who stubbornly agitate and spread unrest in the name of nationalism. "Down the American backed- government of...Down the American Imperialism, Long live the Filipinos". After graduation they work in the multinational corporation travel abroad and apply for American citizenship. These Filipinos are epitome of arrogance and the embodiment of the worst Filipino trait - hypocrisy.
In the novel one of the former comrades of Neol Bulaong in the name of Benny is summarily executed after he is discovered to break from the movement.
If the novel consists of symbolic figure the killing of Benny is a dramatization of the anger of the Filipinos to those who claimed to be nationalist with weak personality insignificant characteristics.
Dalisay just wants to tell us that in the roar of protest only a few are true to themselves.
Dalisay was born in 1954 in Romlon. He came to Manila study in the University of the Philippines. It was in the height of student radicalism when he entered the U.P. Marcos engulfed the country with social unrest that came to the explosion of martial law. 1n 1973 Dalisay was imprisoned for seven months.
His involvement in student radicalism and imprisonment are the by-products of his belief that fighting against the dictator and shouting in the street are symbols of his nationalism.
Through the Full-bright he went to America to finish his Master and Doctor Degrees in the American schools. He worked in the multinational corporation like the Asian Bank and actively a member of western organizations. He had a series of success like the 16 Palanca awards in various genres.
After fighting in the street against the Marcos-American dictatorship or against the colonialist America, he decided to stay in the Philippines forever. It is a common decision for a man who feels he wronged his country, repayment.
By accepting scholarship of the American, by working in the internationally owned company and by studying in the American schools, he betrayed the Filipinos and he disowned the old principle that bound him to fight against colonialism.
Noel Bulaong like his originator is a provinciano. He was from Kangleong an island in the Visayas. He came to Manila to study in the height of student radicalism. He was involved in the series of riots, bore arms and when martial law was declared he was arrested and put to prison.
Having studied and worked in the Marcos government, he went to America to work for the imperialist Americans. In America he was a writer and a movie reviewer. Usurped, overly used and a lonely man he went back to his country to be buried in Kangleong. The Dalisay in real life is the transformed Noel Bulaong in the novel.
The questions concerning nationalism is not a rare thing in the Philippines. At first the purpose of Philippine government for sending Filipinos to study in America is to observe the American culture. What came out is that the Filipinos sent there came home in an American culture.
We are aware of students who stubbornly agitate and spread unrest in the name of nationalism. "Down the American backed- government of...Down the American Imperialism, Long live the Filipinos". After graduation they work in the multinational corporation travel abroad and apply for American citizenship. These Filipinos are epitome of arrogance and the embodiment of the worst Filipino trait - hypocrisy.
In the novel one of the former comrades of Neol Bulaong in the name of Benny is summarily executed after he is discovered to break from the movement.
If the novel consists of symbolic figure the killing of Benny is a dramatization of the anger of the Filipinos to those who claimed to be nationalist with weak personality insignificant characteristics.
Dalisay just wants to tell us that in the roar of protest only a few are true to themselves.
Rubicon by Ronan S. Estoque, MA (May, 2005)
Right after World War II, the problem and trouble in the Middle East was already brewing. The problem with Taiwan came and a stand off was established and yet the problem the Middle East still persist. The Korean Peninsula was divided into two, the Cold War was declared over with the toppling down of the Berlin wall, the Russian empire disintegrated and yet, the problem and trouble in the Middle East is still here, bothering the rest of the planet.
Oil was discovered in the region, the Arabs with their OPEC organization is dictating the world price of oil and with their virtual monopoly the economic diktat of "supply and demand" is under their thumb.
The problem and the potential resolution of the Israel dilemma is still looking for an answer and coupled with the terrorist attack on September 9, 2001 (9/11) things just got complicated. The American tried to get even with the Afghanistan/Taliban détente, and not content with the scenario expanded the war to the Iraqi soil where the old nemesis, Saddam Hussein was finally toppled from the position of power and a couple of months after that was officially captured.
Now the Americans are trying to pacify Iraq. And just like my previous statement, the situation just got more complicated. Now everything is tied to the Middle East equation. With the daily increase of oil prices, the adjustment of all related goods and services are also trying to catch up with the increase. All are an accessory to the fact that these are the results of globalization.
Problems not directly related with the Philippines are directly changing the economic conditions.
We have nothing to do with the Middle East problem and yet, being a consumer of oil, we are still paying the increasing price of the Middle East turmoil. The ink of the recent price increase in a can of tuna is not yet dry and yet another round of increase is already being factored into the equation.
Everybody pays. The students, the college professors, the street vendors peddling cigarettes, fish balls and squid balls. An Iraqi, a Palestinian, a Jew dies somewhere in the Middle East while another Filipino in the slum near Malacanang Palace suffers, with no food, no medicine, no education, because of the hardship brought by the high prices of oil.
The unlearned lesson of globalization, everything is now related. Directly or indirectly, we are all related.
A difficulty in the desert of Middle East is also felt in the slums of Metro Manila.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Israel's Prime Minister Ariel Sharon is calling for the change of policy regarding the Palestinians issue. Claiming that the sword alone can never solve the problem, PM Sharon is now espousing the concept of swapping land for peace in the Israeli principality.
Of course, hardliners are against the planned course of action. In the own party of PM Sharon, his own ministers have expressed disagreement with the concept. While delivering a prepared speech in the Knesset, the unicameral parliament of Israel, PM Sharon was heckled and booed by his own party mates, fortunately the measure of forging peace with the Palestinians passed without anymore incident. And now, we have the unique situation where prior to the assassination of PM Rabin, the Israelis and the Palestinians are again pursuing an avenue that would not shed any blood for both sides.
Historically speaking, before the British Mandate ever left the Israelis territory, initial plan were already drawn where Israel would be split into two. The first side belonging to the Jews while the other side would belong to the Palestinians. Unfortunately, things went unresolved; the Brits left Israel without the planned division. Hence, we now have the military tactic of Palestinians exploding themselves through suicide bombing.
Violence in the Holy Land will still continue even if there is already a planned course of settlement for the Palestinians and Israelis. The good news is that in a long tunnel of violence, turmoil and death; there is now an end in sight.
The journey of a thousand miles begins with the first step; the mere consideration of a peace talk is a full step forward in resolving the turmoil in Israel. The planned peace talk might even fail. It might even result in more deaths. The thought however of a peace talk will permeate and who knows? If there is one thing that history taught us, it taught us that everything and anything is possible.
Oil was discovered in the region, the Arabs with their OPEC organization is dictating the world price of oil and with their virtual monopoly the economic diktat of "supply and demand" is under their thumb.
The problem and the potential resolution of the Israel dilemma is still looking for an answer and coupled with the terrorist attack on September 9, 2001 (9/11) things just got complicated. The American tried to get even with the Afghanistan/Taliban détente, and not content with the scenario expanded the war to the Iraqi soil where the old nemesis, Saddam Hussein was finally toppled from the position of power and a couple of months after that was officially captured.
Now the Americans are trying to pacify Iraq. And just like my previous statement, the situation just got more complicated. Now everything is tied to the Middle East equation. With the daily increase of oil prices, the adjustment of all related goods and services are also trying to catch up with the increase. All are an accessory to the fact that these are the results of globalization.
Problems not directly related with the Philippines are directly changing the economic conditions.
We have nothing to do with the Middle East problem and yet, being a consumer of oil, we are still paying the increasing price of the Middle East turmoil. The ink of the recent price increase in a can of tuna is not yet dry and yet another round of increase is already being factored into the equation.
Everybody pays. The students, the college professors, the street vendors peddling cigarettes, fish balls and squid balls. An Iraqi, a Palestinian, a Jew dies somewhere in the Middle East while another Filipino in the slum near Malacanang Palace suffers, with no food, no medicine, no education, because of the hardship brought by the high prices of oil.
The unlearned lesson of globalization, everything is now related. Directly or indirectly, we are all related.
A difficulty in the desert of Middle East is also felt in the slums of Metro Manila.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Israel's Prime Minister Ariel Sharon is calling for the change of policy regarding the Palestinians issue. Claiming that the sword alone can never solve the problem, PM Sharon is now espousing the concept of swapping land for peace in the Israeli principality.
Of course, hardliners are against the planned course of action. In the own party of PM Sharon, his own ministers have expressed disagreement with the concept. While delivering a prepared speech in the Knesset, the unicameral parliament of Israel, PM Sharon was heckled and booed by his own party mates, fortunately the measure of forging peace with the Palestinians passed without anymore incident. And now, we have the unique situation where prior to the assassination of PM Rabin, the Israelis and the Palestinians are again pursuing an avenue that would not shed any blood for both sides.
Historically speaking, before the British Mandate ever left the Israelis territory, initial plan were already drawn where Israel would be split into two. The first side belonging to the Jews while the other side would belong to the Palestinians. Unfortunately, things went unresolved; the Brits left Israel without the planned division. Hence, we now have the military tactic of Palestinians exploding themselves through suicide bombing.
Violence in the Holy Land will still continue even if there is already a planned course of settlement for the Palestinians and Israelis. The good news is that in a long tunnel of violence, turmoil and death; there is now an end in sight.
The journey of a thousand miles begins with the first step; the mere consideration of a peace talk is a full step forward in resolving the turmoil in Israel. The planned peace talk might even fail. It might even result in more deaths. The thought however of a peace talk will permeate and who knows? If there is one thing that history taught us, it taught us that everything and anything is possible.
Friday, June 6, 2008
Sigmund Freud (1856 - 1959) by Ronan S. Estoque, DPA (January, 2008)
The most telling contribution of Dr. Sigmund Freud is the formulation of the psychoanalytic theory. The “unconscious” became the operative word in psychology in the 1940’s and 1950’s.
Accordingly, explaining human behavior, predicting human behavior, and manipulating human behavior became embedded with the unconscious mind. Dr. Freud became what Michael Jordan was in the field of basketball. He became the superstar of the psychology in his time.
The framework for explaining neurosis became plain and simple. Thinking about sex became normal and every psychological problem can be resolved by confronting and embracing human sexuality instead of the usual repression (in whatever form) method advocated by moral police of his era. Dr. Freud also identified and explained disparate manifestations of defense mechanisms, namely:
Identification. The unconscious process that protects the subject from anxiety by adopting traits from a psychological model.
Displacement. The unconscious transfer of an emotion from its original object to something or someone else.
Projection. The unconscious process that attributes other people’s feelings (i.e aggression) which one does entertain himself.
Regression. Retreating to a more immature pattern of behavior.
Repression. Keeping one’s memories and wishes in the unconscious.
Sublimation. Finding a socially acceptable outlet for a morally unacceptable impulse (i.e desire for one’s mother).
Denial. Refusing to accept something that is true.
Rationalization. Justifying irrational behavior or giving/offering excuses to one’s shortcomings.
Reaction formation. Behaving opposite to what one feels. More than anything else, he became the creative architect behind the rest of the personality theorists after him. Majority of them borrowed from his framework minus the overemphasis on sex as a platform for explaining human behavior.
References
Estoque, Ronan S, Dela Cruz, Rogelio G, & Pichay, Marinelle Ivy T (2006), College Psychology, Mindshapers Inc., Philippines.
Oxford Interactive Encyclopedia 2000. Oxford University Press (2000)
Accordingly, explaining human behavior, predicting human behavior, and manipulating human behavior became embedded with the unconscious mind. Dr. Freud became what Michael Jordan was in the field of basketball. He became the superstar of the psychology in his time.
The framework for explaining neurosis became plain and simple. Thinking about sex became normal and every psychological problem can be resolved by confronting and embracing human sexuality instead of the usual repression (in whatever form) method advocated by moral police of his era. Dr. Freud also identified and explained disparate manifestations of defense mechanisms, namely:
Identification. The unconscious process that protects the subject from anxiety by adopting traits from a psychological model.
Displacement. The unconscious transfer of an emotion from its original object to something or someone else.
Projection. The unconscious process that attributes other people’s feelings (i.e aggression) which one does entertain himself.
Regression. Retreating to a more immature pattern of behavior.
Repression. Keeping one’s memories and wishes in the unconscious.
Sublimation. Finding a socially acceptable outlet for a morally unacceptable impulse (i.e desire for one’s mother).
Denial. Refusing to accept something that is true.
Rationalization. Justifying irrational behavior or giving/offering excuses to one’s shortcomings.
Reaction formation. Behaving opposite to what one feels. More than anything else, he became the creative architect behind the rest of the personality theorists after him. Majority of them borrowed from his framework minus the overemphasis on sex as a platform for explaining human behavior.
References
Estoque, Ronan S, Dela Cruz, Rogelio G, & Pichay, Marinelle Ivy T (2006), College Psychology, Mindshapers Inc., Philippines.
Oxford Interactive Encyclopedia 2000. Oxford University Press (2000)
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